There are several technologies developed which are used for desalination which include reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, distillation as well as vacuum freezing.
Reverse Osmosis
Salt cannot be removed from water easily. Reverse osmosis is among the desalination process used in separating salt from water. It can effectively supply drinking water; however, it will not generate enough of it. There would only be around one gallon of water per hour for an RO system sized for household use.
In a reverse osmosis process, the membrane serves as a fine filter for contaminated liquid to transform the salt water into potable one. The downside of reverse osmosis is that minerals are also filtered which is very important for health. The system also works slowly, although it can do the job effectively.
You can find:
Counter top units that can produce only one gallon a day.
The floor models that generate and store around 10 gallons
The automatic incline systems that have the capacity to continuously produce as well as store clean and drinkable water with the use of under sink reservoir.
Just like the other desalination process, distillation also has its own downsides, perhaps the biggest one is the high cost of water per gallon. This is due to the high energy requirement during the process.
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